For those of us who grew up on discussion boards and social media following the goings-on of amusement parks and roller coasters, there was no more fundamental a divide than that between Six Flags and Cedar Fair. For decades, these two regional parks operators battled back and forth, inciting the “Coaster Wars” in their continuous battle for amusement supremacy. Pitting their flagship parks against one another, Six Flags and Cedar Fair raced to compete. As of July 2024, though, that long-waged war has officially ended in a truce.
Yep, in July 2024, it became official. Six Flags and Cedar Fair would officially combine in a “merger of equals” (in other words, not one acquiring the other). The newly formed company bears the Six Flags name, but is comprised 51% of Cedar Fair’s unit-holders and helmed by Cedar Fair’s CEO, Richard Zimmerman. There’s no question that it’ll take years for Zimmerman to sort out the new company’s structure – how capital expenditure schedules will adjust, how park operations should align (or not), how (or if) to merge the two portfolios’ separate licensing deals, annual pass programs, food suppliers, marketing, branding, etc… but in the meantime, a bigger question has emerged…
Higher. Taller. Faster. Wilder. In the 1990s and early 2000s, nothing – and we mean nothing – mattered more to Six Flags and Cedar Fair than breaking records. Parks battled back and forth to attract the globe’s most extreme thrill-seekers, loading parks up with the biggest coaster counts they could manage – and then a few more for good measure, too. Powered by innovative, risk-taking new ride manufacturers, the New Millennium saw coasters pierce through previously-unthinkable records like tissue paper, turning regional, seasonal amusement parks into the battleground of the legendary “Coaster Wars.”
It was, of course, Swiss coaster design firm Intamin that changed the game. At Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio (the self-proclaimed “Roller Coaster Capital of the World”), the Modern Marvel: Millennium Force appeared in 2000. The world’s first “gigacoaster” (with a drop over 300 feet), Millennium Force propelled the industry into the 21st century on sleek and smooth steel rails. But no one was ready for what followed. 2003’s Lost Legend: Top Thrill Dragster took the still-new “Intamin Accelerator” model of hydraulically-launched, instantaneously-accelerated coasters to new heights: 420 feet tall, to be precise, reached by way of a 0-to-120-miles-per-hour launch.
That, of course, left Cedar Fair’s competitor, Six Flags, eager for their own 400-foot Intamin Accelerator “stratacoaster.” Which probably explains 2005’s Kingda Ka. The anchor of a new “Golden Kingdom” area within New Jersey’s Six Flags Great Adventure, Kingda Ka would indeed be the “King of Coasters” – the world’s tallest (456 feet) and fastest (accelerating from 0 to 128 miles per hour in just 3.5 seconds).
Though cynics call the ride a blatant copy-paste of Dragster (the two are near-twins but for a difference of 36 feet and 8 miles per hour, plus a 129-foot tall “bunny hill” finale added to Ka), the ride nonetheless became the world’s tallest and fastest roller coaster, period – and for a generation of “East Coasters,” a towering icon of adrenaline in its own right.
And by any measure, Kingda Ka’s reign was unbeatable… for a while.
Shifting gears
By most any measure, the one-two punch of Top Thrill Dragster and Kingda Ka marked the definitive end of the so-called “Coaster Wars.” Both spent their early years plagued by downtime; both were incredibly expensive to operate; and as a natural consequence of being the pinnacles of an era focused on extreme thrills, both were emblematic of a growing sense that both Cedar Fair and Six Flags had abandoned family audiences to cater exclusively to teens. By the mid-2000s, the amusement industry began a substantial pivot away from white-knuckle thrills and toward crowd-pleasing, high-capacity, tried-and-true coasters.
(Not for nothing, but neither Cedar Fair nor Intamin did much business with Intamin after the headaches of their two stratacoasters.)
Don’t get us wrong – Cedar Fair and Six Flags parks still added their fair share of coasters over the last two decades. But the back-and-forth volleying for having the most coasters, or the tallest, or the fastest seemed to fade into the rear view. Instead, particularly Cedar Fair’s parks underwent a bit of a family renaissance, re-focusing on special events, dining, dark rides, reliable B&M coasters, and quality-over-quantity projects.
Eventually, coasters faster than Kingda Ka’s 128 mile per hour speed came along (such as the S&S air-launched Ring Racer in Germany, and fellow Intamin Accelerator Formula Rossa in Abu Dhabi). But neither stateside operator seemed to have any hunger to reclaim the crown. (As evidence of why, neither of those coasters foreign speedsters are operating today.) While Dragster and Kingda Ka continued to experience sometimes-lengthy bouts of downtime (with Kingda Ka in particular missing entire months and seasons), both remained as anchor experiences for their parks… and of course, proverbial Meccas for thrill-seekers.
As you know by nature of reading this, that changed when – in August 2021 – Cedar Point’s stratacoaster ended its two-decade race with a tragic accident. When a bracket on the Intamin-made train came detached during the launch and struck a guest waiting in line below, Cedar Point officially closed the ride for good, never to re-open. Well… kinda.
In 2023, Cedar Point announced that their stratacoaster would be heavily retooled by another ride manufacturer – Zamperla – and swap its all-at-once hydraulic launch for a progressive, multi-pass electromagnetic LSM launch. Though it would still eventually reach 120 miles per hour to summit the 420-foot tall hill, it would take three launches to get there – including a 100 mile per hour backwards acceleration up a new, 400+ foot tall rear spike. (That, it turned out, also didn’t really work. The ride operated for just a few weeks before shuttering to have its trains majorly modified, with an expected reopening in 2025.)
Though the new “Top Thrill 2” received rave reviews during its short time operating, there was no question that that instantaneous acceleration – from 0 to 120+ miles per hour in four seconds – was sorely missed… and indeed, could only still be found on Kingda Ka.
Rumors
In fall 2024, rumors began to swirl by way of well-respected YouTubers in the coaster community that Six Flags had lost enthusiasm in the expensive and continuous upkeep of Kingda Ka… and more to the point, than an unpublished-but-penciled-in retirement of the coaster had been moved up from the end of the 2025 season to the end of this season. Insiders insisted that despite Six Flags having said nothing of the sort, fans had just weeks left to experience the “King of Coasters”…
Naturally, online commentators valiantly refuted the suggestion as clickbait and ragebait meant to bolster ad revenue. Admittedly, it sounded ridiculous that Six Flags would close the world’s tallest and fastest roller coaster with no pomp and circumstance, no exclusive merch, and – worst of all – no “last rides.” Fans looked at the park’s own Instagram posts, which had advertised Kingda Ka as a reason to buy a 2025 season pass. Surely if they planned to close the ride forever, they would’ve made a big to-do about it.
As the days of the 2024 season waned, fans eagerly accosted Six Flags emails and social media accounts, all of whom suggested that the rumors were just that, and that Kingda Ka was merely closing on November 10th for its typical year-end slumber ahead of the park’s Christmas celebrations – not for the kind of permanent closure fans suggested.
The smell of wood – decades-old, cut, stacked, and bolted, bathed in and baked by summer sun; the aroma of grease, clinging to the lift chain as humming motors drag bug-splattered wooden trains upward, anti-rollback wedges clacking into place in their wake; the roaring, rumbling wave of sound as riders snake along a superstructure of swaying wood beams, shuddering and shaking as up-stop wheels ricochet…
For more than a century, the wooden roller coaster has been a staple of amusement parks the world over. And even once it wooden roller coasters were joined by altogether sleeker, smoother steel sisters throughout the 1960s and ’70s, the wooden roller coasters remained landmarks; classics; essentials.
But in the early 2000s, roller coaster enthusiasts encountered a question they’d never had to ask before: what makes a wooden roller coaster a wooden roller coaster? What if the wood wasn’t aged and hand-sawed, but brand new and laser-cut? What if there were no clack-clack-clack of a classic chain lift? And what if the ride itself were smooth as glass, arcing and slaloming and diving as effortlessly as only a steel coaster once could?
Roller coasters have been around for a very, very long time. But in the last 50 years especially, the Second Golden Age of the Roller Coaster has seen steel stretch into the sky. Year after year, decade after decade, the unthinkable continuously becomes real. Inversions. Launches. Switch tracks. Drop tracks. Racing coasters; suspended; inverted; flying; stand-up; dive; wing… When it comes to the creativity of roller coaster manufacturers, it can feel like the sky’s the limit.
It all started when the unthinkable happened: the first roller coaster to break the 100-foot height barrior. A generation of so-called “mega-coasters” dotted the amusement park landscape throughout the ’70s and ’80s. Then came the 200-foot barrier with a generation of “hypercoasters.”
But when it comes to the world’s most extraordinary rides, it’s hard to beat the very small family of 300-foot rides you’ll find across three countries. Epic, staggering, and spectacular, the “gigacoaster” is a growing icon of thrillseeking… yet still a rarity around the world. Today, just six rides reside in the “giga” level – between 300 and 399 foot drops – each with its own story, elements, and personality… Join us as we explore the evolution of the “giga” through its six iterations, and look to where a 300 foot thrill machine may arise next…
Stories in the Extra Features and Special Features collections of Park Lore are all about connections – they’re the threads that interlace between the Lost Legends, Declassified Disasters, Modern Marvels, and Possibilitylands you’ll find in our Main Collections. In other words, these features are for people who really want to dig deep.
This article and hundreds more are available for Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum Members who help support this ad-free, clickbait-free, quality-over-quantity collection with a monthly membership. Park Lore Members can access more than a hundred Member-exclusive articles, unlock rare concept art and construction photos in every story, stream audio across the site, tune into podcast exclusives, and receive an annual member card and merch in the mail!
If you choose to join Park Lore’s community of Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum Members, you’ll instantly unlock this story (and of course, a lot more). You can learn more about joining and supporting Park Lore (and browse all the available Extras and Special Features) in the “Memberships & Perks” menu above. If you can’t afford a Pass, please contact us; we’ll make some magic happen.
Founded in 1987 by Walter Bolliger and Claude Mabillard, B&M today is one of the world’s most respected roller coaster design & manufacturing films, supplying headlining attractions to amusement parks across the globe. In fact, you’d be hard off to find a major, thrill-focused coaster park in the United States (or elsewhere, for that matter) that doesn’t have at least one B&M creation among its lineup…! No, really… Try to think of one…
If you’re not sure, just venture into the rabbit hole of your friendly, neighborhood park’s unofficial fansite discussion board; scour RCDB; or more to the point, visit a park with a seasoned coaster enthusiast. Without fail, a coaster geek can spot a B&M a mile away thanks to unmistakable signs: rounded support columns; four-abreast trains; signature “pre-drops” before the biggie meant to relieve stress on chain lifts; buttery track transitions; signature maneuvers like wing-overs, dive loops, Immelmans, and cobra rolls… once you know how to spot them, B&Ms are everywhere.
In part, the proliferation of B&M rides around the world is thanks to the firm’s apparent three-word mantra: reliability, reliability, reliability. A designer who knows how far to push the limits (and what lines not to cross compared to, say, their nearest competitors, Intamin), B&M rides are trustworthy crowd-pleasers and people-eaters. But the spread of B&M coasters is also due to their part in the epic “Coaster Wars” of the ‘90s and early 2000s, when parks were willing to spend big to prototype B&M’s cutting-edge, record-breaking ride systems that would earn parks attendance, awards, and acclaim.
The breakneck pace of innovation and the thirst for record-breaking has (mostly) quelled. The primary competitors in the “Coaster Wars” – Six Flags and Cedar Fair – have since noticed that in their two decades of bigger-taller-faster obsession, they might’ve accidentally forgotten to invest in anything but thrill rides, leading to a significant slowdown in coaster construction throughout the 2010s and a needed shift toward flat rides, dark rides, and entertainment. But now, a new patent suggests that B&M may be ready for a comeback…
Today, we’ll tour through the major reinventions of the roller coaster pioneered by B&M over its thirty year history, watching as they reposition, reorient, and remake riders’ roles in thrill rides. Think you know what B&M might have planned next? We bet you’ll be surprised…
Stories in the Extra Features and Special Features collections of Park Lore are all about connections – they’re the threads that interlace between the Lost Legends, Declassified Disasters, Modern Marvels, and Possibilitylands you’ll find in our Main Collections. In other words, these features are for people who really want to dig deep.
This article and hundreds more are available for Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum Members who help support this ad-free, clickbait-free, quality-over-quantity collection with a monthly membership. Park Lore Members can access more than a hundred Member-exclusive articles, unlock rare concept art and construction photos in every story, stream audio across the site, tune into podcast exclusives, and receive an annual member card and merch in the mail!
If you choose to join Park Lore’s community of Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum Members, you’ll instantly unlock this story (and of course, a lot more). You can learn more about joining and supporting Park Lore (and browse all the available Extras and Special Features) in the “Memberships & Perks” menu above. If you can’t afford a Pass, please contact us; we’ll make some magic happen.